These are the three sustainable fuels that SAF is made from

Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) will help reduce 65 per cent of emissions in global aviation. The main eco-friendly power sources that SAF is made of are cooking oils, biomass and municipal waste and synthetic kerosene. Corporate Knights offers an overview of these sources and how they are developing.

Oils and fats are currently the most accessible option, experts say. This option is relatively low-cost and the infrastructure required for production is perfectly aligned with existing oil refinery technology.

Biomass, made from algae, crop residues, animal waste, forestry residue and municipal waste, could also have big potential as an aviation fuel. The great thing about using municipal solid waste to produce SAF is that it helps solve a waste problem while turning it into energy.

Synthetic kerosene (aka e-kerosene or power-to-liquid) is also a promising option. If the hydrogen is generated using renewable electricity (known as green hydrogen) and the carbon dioxide is captured from the atmosphere, models have shown it to have zero, or very close to zero, carbon emissions, Corporate Knights reports.